Katika tasnia ya madini na uanzilishi, metali zisizo na feri ni metali au aloi ambazo hazina chuma (ferrite) kwa viwango vya kuthaminiwa. Ikilinganishwa na metali zenye feri, metali zisizo na feri zina faida nyingi za uzito mdogo (kwa mfano, alumini), upitishaji hewa wa juu (km shaba), mali isiyo ya sumaku au upinzani dhidi ya kutu (kwa mfano zinki). Metali zisizo na feri zinazotumiwa sana kwa ajili ya kutengenezea ni pamoja na alumini, shaba, nikeli, chrome, molybdenum, manganese, magnesiamu na zinki, na aloi kama vile shaba na shaba.
Daraja la Shaba na Shaba kutoka Masoko Tofauti | |||||||
China | Ujerumani | Ulaya | Kimataifa | Marekani | Japani | ||
GB | DIN | EN | ISO | UNS | JIS | ||
Alama | Hapana. | Alama | Hapana. | Alama | Hapana. | Hapana. | |
TU2 | YA-Cu | 2.004 | Cu-OFE | CW009A | Cu-OF | C10100 | C1011 |
- | SE-Cu | 2.007 | Cu-HCP | CW021A | - | C10300 | - |
- | SE-Cu | 2.007 | Cu-PHC | CW020A | - | C10300 | - |
T2 | E-Cu58 | 2.0065 | Cu-ETP | CW004A | Cu-ETP | C11000 | C1100 |
TP2 | SF-Cu | 2.009 | Cu-DHP | CW024A | Cu-DHP | C12200 | C1220 |
- | SF-Cu | 2.009 | Cu-DHP | CW024A | Cu-DHP | C12200 | C1220 |
- | SF-Cu | 2.009 | Cu-DHP | CW024A | Ku-DLP | C12200 | C1220 |
TP1 | SW-Cu | 2.0076 | Ku-DLP | CW023A | Ku-DLP | C12000 | C1201 |
H96 | CuZn5 | 2.022 | CuZn5 | CE500L | CuZn5 | C21000 | C2100 |
H90 | CuZn10 | 2.023 | CuZn10 | CW501L | CuZn10 | C22000 | C2200 |
H85 | CuZn15 | 2.024 | CuZn15 | CW502L | CuZn15 | C23000 | C2300 |
H80 | CuZn20 | 2.025 | CuZn20 | CW503L | CuZn20 | C24000 | C2400 |
CuZn28 | |||||||
H70 | CuZn30 | 2.0265 | CuZn30 | CW505L | CuZn30 | C26000 | C2600 |
H68 | CuZn33 | 2.028 | CuZn33 | CW506L | CuZn35 | C26800 | C2680 |
H65 | CuZn36 | 2.0335 | CuZn36 | CW507L | CuZn35 | C27000 | C2700 |
H63 | CuZn37 | 2.0321 | CuZn37 | CW508L | CuZn37 | C27200 | C2720 |
HPb63-3 | CuZn36Pb1.5 | 2.0331 | CuZn35Pb1 | CW600N | CuZn35Pb1 | C34000 | C3501 |
HPb63-3 | CuZn36Pb1.5 | 2.0331 | CuZn35Pb2 | CW601N | CuZn34Pb2 | C34200 | - |
H62 | CuZn40 | 2.036 | CuZn40 | CW509N | CuZn40 | C28000 | C3712 |
H60 | CuZn38Pb1.5 | 2.0371 | CuZn38Pb2 | CW608N | CuZn37Pb2 | C35000 | - |
HPb63-3 | CuZn36Pb3 | 2.0375 | CuZn36Pb3 | CW603N | CuZn36Pb3 | C36000 | C3601 |
HPb59-1 | CuZn39Pb2 | 2.038 | CuZn39Pb2 | CW612N | CuZn38Pb2 | C37700 | C3771 |
HPb58-2.5 | CuZn39Pb3 | 2.0401 | CuZn39Pb3 | CW614N | CuZn39Pb3 | C38500 | C3603 |
- | CuZn40Pb2 | 2.0402 | CuZn40Pb2 | CW617N | CuZn40Pb2 | C38000 | C3771 |
- | CuZn28Sn1 | 2.047 | CuZn28Sn1As | CW706R | CuZn28Sn1 | C68800 | C4430 |
- | CuZn31Si1 | 2.049 | CuZn31Si1 | CW708R | CuZn31Si1 | C44300 | - |
- | CuZn20Al2 | 2.046 | CuZn20Al2As | CW702R | CuZn20Al2 | C68700 | C6870 |
QSn4-0.3 | CuSn4 | 2.1016 | CuSn4 | CW450K | CuSn4 | C51100 | C5111 |
- | CuSn5 | 2.1018 | CuSn5 | CW451K | CuSn5 | C51000 | C5102 |
QSn6.5-0.1 | CuSn6 | 2.102 | CuSn6 | CW452K | CuSn6 | C51900 | C5191 |
QSn6.5-0.4 | CuSn6 | CuSn6 | C51900 | C5191 | |||
QSn7-0.2 | CuSn8 | CuSn8 | C52100 | C5210 | |||
QSn8-0.3 | CuSn8 | 2.103 | CuSn8 | CW453K | CuSn8 | C52100 | C5210 |
BZn12-24 | CuNi12Zn24 | 2.073 | CuNi12Zn24 | CW403J | CuNi12Zn24 | C75700 | - |
BZn12-26 | CuNi18Zn27 | 2.0742 | CuNi18Zn27 | CW410J | CuNi18Zn27 | C77000 | C7701 |
BZn18-18 | CuNi18Zn20 | 2.074 | CuNi18Zn20 | CW409J | CuNi18Zn20 | C76400 | C7521 |
- | CuNi10Fe1Mn | 2.0872 | CuNi10Fe1Mn | CW352H | CuNi10Fe1Mn | C70600 | C7060 |
- | CuNi30Mn1Fe | 2.882 | CuNi30Mn1Fe | CW354H | CuNi30Mn1Fe | C71500 | C7150 |
T3 | Cu-FRTP | C12500 | |||||
TAg0.1 | CuAg0.1 | CuAg0.1 | |||||
HPb63-0.1 | CuZn37Pb0.5 | ||||||
HPb61-1 | CuZn39Pb0.5 | C37100 | C3710 | ||||
HAl77-2 | CuZn20Al2 | CuZn20Al2 | C68700 | C6870 | |||
HSn70-1 | CuZn28Sn1 | CuZn28Sn1 | C44300 | C4430 | |||
HSn62-1 | CuZn38Sn1 | CuZn38Sn1 | C46400 | C4620 | |||
HMn58-2 | CuZn40Mn2 | ||||||
QAl5 | CuAl5As | CuAl5 | |||||
QAl7 | CuAl8 | CuAl7 | C61000 | ||||
QAl9-2 | CuAl9Mn2 | CuAl9Mn2 | |||||
QAl10-3-1.5 | CuAl10Fe3Mn2 | C63200 | |||||
QAl10-4-4 | CuAl10Ni5Fe4 | CuAl10Ni5Fe5 | C63020 | ||||
QAl11-6-6 | CuAl11Ni6Fe5 | ||||||
QBe2 | Cube2 | Cube2 | C17200 | C1720 | |||
QBe1.7 | Mchemraba1.7 | Mchemraba1.7 | C17000 | C1700 | |||
QZr0.2 | Kuzr | C15000 | |||||
QCd1 | CuCrZr | CuCd1 | C16200 | ||||
QMg0.8 | CuMg0.7 | ||||||
ZQSnD5-5-5 | GB-CuSn5ZnPb | GCuPb5Sn5Zn | C83600 | BCln6 | |||
ZQSnD10-1 | GB-CuSn10 | GCuSn10P | |||||
ZQSnD10-2 | GB-CuSn10Zn | GCuSn10Zn2 | BCln3 | ||||
ZQAlD9-4-4-2 | GB-CuAl10Ni | GCuAl10Fe5Ni5 | C95800 | AlBCln3 | |||
ZQAlD9-4 | GB-CuAl10Fe | GCuAl10Fe3 | C95200 | AlBCln1 |
Metali zisizo na feri kawaida husafishwa kupitia electrolysis. Metali nyingi zisizo na feri huongezwa kwenye chuma kabla ya kumwagika ili kupata chuma cha aloi au chuma maalum cha kutupwa ambacho kina maonyesho yanayofaa kama vile kustahimili uvaaji, upinzani wa kutu, ukinzani wa joto...n.k.
Mchakato wa Kutuma | Nyenzo | |
Mchanga Casting | Akitoa Mchanga wa Kijani | Chuma cha Kijivu, Chuma cha Ductile, Chuma Inayoweza Kuyumba, Chuma cha pua, Chuma cha Carbon, Aloi za Chuma, Aloi ya Alumini, Shaba, n.k. |
Furan Resin Sand Casting | ||
Shell Moling Casting | ||
Utoaji wa Mchanga wa Resin Baridi | ||
Utumaji Uwekezaji (Utupaji wa Nta Uliopotea) | Maji kioo Uwekezaji Casting | Chuma cha Carbon, Aloi za Chuma, Chuma cha pua, Shaba, Iron ya Kijivu, Chuma cha Ductile, Shaba, Shaba, Aloi ya Alumini |
Uwekezaji wa Silica Sol Casting | ||
Utoaji wa Povu Uliopotea | Ductile Iron GGG 40 hadi GGG 80 / Chuma cha Kijivu | |
ASTM 60-40-18 / 65-45-12 / 80-55-06 / 100-70-03 | ||
Chuma cha kaboni, Chuma cha Aloi ya Hi-Mn, Chuma cha Aloi ya Hi-Cr | ||
Austempering Ductile Iron | ||
Chuma Kinachostahimili Joto / Chuma Kinachostahimili Kuvaa | ||
Utumaji Ombwe (Utumaji wa Mchakato wa V) | Ductile chuma GGG 40 kwa GGG 80 / Grey Iron | |
ASTM 60-40-18 / 65-45-12 / 80-55-06 / 100-70-03 | ||
Chuma cha kaboni, chuma cha Hi-Mn, chuma cha Hi-Cr | ||
Austempering Ductile Iron | ||
Chuma kinachostahimili joto / Vaa chuma sugu / Chuma cha pua | ||
Huduma za Matibabu ya uso | Upakaji wa Poda, Uwekaji Anodization, Electrophotesis, Uwekaji wa Chrome, Uchoraji, Ulipuaji wa Mchanga, Uwekaji wa Nickel, Uwekaji wa Zinki, Uwekaji Nyeusi, Ung'arisha, Bluing, Geormet, Zintek, n.k. | |
Huduma za Uchimbaji wa Usahihi wa CNC | Lathing, Milling, Turning, Honing, Drilling, Boring, Tapping, Waya Electrode Cutting, Kusaga...nk. | |
Ukaguzi na Udhibiti wa Ubora | Spectrum Analyzer, CMM, Hardness Tester, Tensile Strength Tester, Yild Strentgh Testor, Sealing Pressure Tester, Carbon Sulfur Analyzer, Metallurgical Microscopy, Press Force Tester...n.k. |
Utumiaji wa Sehemu Zetu Maalum za Utumaji na Uchimbaji:
1. Sehemu za Gari: Diski ya Brake, Fimbo ya Kuunganisha, Axle ya Kuendesha, Shaft ya Kuendesha, Udhibiti wa Arm, Gearbox Housing, Jalada la Gearbox, Clutch Cover, Clutch Housing, Magurudumu, Nyumba ya Kichujio, Nyumba ya Pamoja ya CV, Hook ya Kufungia.
2. Sehemu za Lori: Mikono ya Rocker, Gearbox ya Usambazaji, Axles za Kuendesha, Gear Housing, Gear Cover, Towing Eye, Connect Rod, Engine Block, Engine Cover, Joint Bolt, Power Takeoff, Crankshaft, Camshaft, Pan ya Mafuta.
3. Sehemu za Hydraulic: Hydraulic Cylinder, Hydraulic Pump, Gerotor Housing, Vane, Bushing, Hydraulic Tank, Hydraulic Cylinder Head, Hydraulic Cylinder Triangle Bracket.
4. Mitambo ya Kilimo na Sehemu za Trekta: Nyumba ya Gia, Jalada la Gia, Fimbo ya Kuunganisha, Fimbo ya Torque, Kizuizi cha Injini, Kifuniko cha Injini, Nyumba ya Pampu ya Mafuta, Mabano, Hanger, Hook, Bracket.
5. Treni za Reli na Magari ya Mizigo: Makazi ya Mshtuko wa Mshtuko, Jalada la Kufyonza Mshtuko, Makazi ya Rasimu ya Gia, Jalada la Gia, Kabari na Koni, Magurudumu, Mifumo ya Breki, Mipini, Miongozo.
6. Sehemu za Mitambo ya Ujenzi: Gear, Kiti cha Kubeba, Pampu ya Gear, Nyumba ya Gearbox, Jalada la Gearbox, Flange, Bushing, Silinda ya Boom, Bracket ya Msaada, Tangi ya Hydraulic, Meno ya Ndoo, Ndoo.
7. Sehemu za Vifaa vya Usafirishaji: Magurudumu, Caster, Bracket, Silinda ya Hydraulic, Vipuri vya Forklift, Kipochi cha Kufuli,
8. Sehemu za Valve na Pampu: Mwili wa Valve (Nyumba), Diski ya Valve ya Butterfly, Nyumba ya Valve ya Mpira, Flange, Kiunganishi, Camlock, Impeller ya Fungua, Impeller ya Funga, Nyumba ya Pampu (Mwili), Kifuniko cha Pampu.